In many post-earthquake rescues, survivors must receive first aid before evacuation, particularly when they are trapped or access routes are blocked by debris. Some life-threatening conditions, such as external bleeding, are highly treatable with simple tools and guidance and can often be managed by conscious survivors themselves. Providing early on-site care for these solvable problems can prevent deterioration while extraction is delayed.

Survivors trapped after an earthquake often experience severe psychological stress, fear, and uncertainty about whether they will be found. This mental distress can reduce their ability to remain calm, follow instructions, or conserve energy, negatively affecting survival. Knowing they have been detected and having someone to communicate with can provide reassurance, improve cooperation, and increase the likelihood of survival while rescue is underway.

When a safe path becomes available, survivors need clear guidance to reach the exit. This reduces unnecessary movement and lowers the risk of disturbing unstable structures.